As war continues to rage in Ukraine, Europe’s leaders face tough questions over many years of underinvestment in their Armed Forces. At the urging of the United States, many European NATO members have committed to bolster their defence capabilities and in 2025 have pledged significant flows of money towards this effort. However, Europe remains particularly reliant on the protection extended to them by the U.S. nuclear deterrent. What are the capabilities that Europe needs to effectively deter Russia and other hostile actors? What role can the British and French nuclear deterrents play, and what is the right balance to strike between conventional and nuclear assets?

In this RAND Europe Webinar, experts will discuss the lengths to which Europe must go to defend itself and to deter Russia. They will reflect on recent agreements between the likes of Germany, France and the UK, and the prospects for deepening cooperation on defence industrial capacity as well as military interoperability. The discussion will also draw on recent RAND Europe research which sheds light on Russia’s perception of the European deterrents.

This event will be held on the record, and a recording will be made available afterwards.

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