The Russia-Ukraine War Report Card, July 30, 2025

Find past issues in the Russia-Ukraine War Report Card archive. 

July 29 update: Russia gained 105 square miles of Ukrainian territory (the size of one Nantucket island) over the past week (July 22–29, 2025)—just over three times the rate of the previous week’s (July 15–22, 2025) gain of 29 square miles. In fact, Russian forces are advancing on the eastern front at the fastest pace in a year, FT has reported. Some of these forces are currently “creeping forward” in a summer offensive that last week saw Russian soldiers enter the key town of Pokrovsk in the Donetsk region for the first time, according to Reuters.1

Click here for an interactive map comparing Russian advances near Pokrovsk on July 1, 2025, and July 29, 2025. 

Who’s Gaining and Who’s Losing What?

Territorial Control (figures as of July 29, 2025)

 

Report Card*

Change in Russia’s control of Ukrainian territory and change in Ukraine’s control of Russian territory

(Based on data from the Institute for the Study of War.)

  • Since Feb. 24, 2022:
    • Russia: +28,051 square miles. 12% of Ukraine. (Area roughly equivalent to half the size of the U.S. state of Iowa).2
  • Total area of all Ukrainian territory Russia presently controls, including Crimea and parts of Donbas Russia had seized prior to the full-scale invasion on Feb. 24, 2022:
    • Russia: +44,676 square miles. 19% of Ukraine. (Area roughly equivalent to the U.S. state of Ohio.)
  • In the period of July 1–29, 2025: Russian forces gained 213 square miles of Ukrainian territory, which is slightly less than the 234 square miles gained by Russia in the period of June 3–July 1, 2025.3
  • In past week (July 22–29, 2025): Russia gained 105 square miles of Ukrainian territory (the size of one Nantucket island)—just over three times the rate of the previous week’s (July 15–22, 2025) gain of 29 square miles.
  • In Russia, Ukraine continued to maintain a foothold of 5 square miles across Russia’s Kursk and Belgorod regions as of July 29, a figure that has not changed in six weeks.

Russian net territorial control in Ukraine by month: February 2022–June 2025. (Based on data from the Institute for the Study of War.) 

 

Military casualties  

  • Russia: More than 790,000 killed or injured, according to an April 2025 estimate by then-SACEUR Cavoli.4 48,000 missing.5
  • Ukraine: 400,000 killed or injured, according to a January 2025 estimate by Zelenskyy.6 35,000 missing.

Civilian fatalities

  • Russia: 652 killed.7
  • Ukraine:  13,580 killed.

Military vehicles and equipment8

  • Russia: 22,432 lost.
    • Tanks and armored vehicles: 13,098.
    • Aircraft: 332.9
    • Naval vessels: 22.10
  • Ukraine: 9,493 lost.
    • Tanks and armored vehicles: 4,848.
    • Aircraft: 188.11
    • Naval vessels: 35.12

Citizens displaced

  • Russia:
    • 800,000 left Russia for economic or political reasons, 0.6% of Russian population.
    • 112,000 were displaced in Russia’s Kursk region during Ukraine’s incursion, which was launched in August 2024. Many of them reportedly remained unable to return to their homes as of June 2025.
  • Ukraine: 9.4 million displaced Ukrainians, 21% of Ukraine’s pre-invasion population of 44 million, including:
    • Internally displaced: 3.8 million as of April 2025.
    • International refugees: 5.6 million, including 5 million in Europe, as of May 2025.

Economic impact13

  • Russia’s economic growth: 5.6% GDP since 2022 (through 2024)
    • 1.5% GDP growth forecast for 2025.
    • Budget deficit in 2024: 1.7%  of GDP.
    • Russian ruble: 0.01231 U.S. dollars. 4% since the invasion.
    • 3-year bond yield: 13.6%.
  • Ukraine’s economic growth (negative): -22.6% GDP since 2022 (through 2024)
    • 2% GDP growth forecast for 2025.
    • Budget deficit in 2024: 20.4% of GDP, excluding grants.
    • Ukrainian hryvnia: 0.02390 U.S. dollars. -27% since the invasion.
    • 3-year bond yield: 25.6%.

Infrastructure

  • Russia:  
    • A journalistic investigation estimated in March 2024 that Ukrainian strikes had rendered facilities which accounted for 1/6th of the production of gasoline and diesel fuels in Russia non-operational.
    • A journalistic investigation estimated in March 2025 that Ukrainian strikes on Russia’s energy sector have caused at least 60 billion rubles ($714 million) in damage.
  • Ukraine:  
    • Ukraine's extensive transmission infrastructure has suffered severe damage in the war, with capacity falling from 56 GW to an estimated 9 GW by the end of 2024.
    • Some 64%, or 36 out of Ukraine’s 25 GW electricity generating capacity destroyed or occupied as of 2024.14
      • For a recent visualization of vulnerability of Ukraine’s power grid to Russian aggression, see this FT product, updated June 17, 2025.
    • Ukraine had lost 80% of its thermal capacity due to Russian attacks as of September 2024.
    • Ukraine relied for 2/3rds of its electricity generation on three functioning Soviet-era NPPs, which it still controls, as of 2024.

Popular support

  • Russia: 64% support peace negotiations.
  • Ukraine: 51% support peace negotiations (56% of Ukrainians would agree to a “compromise” to end the war).

Other criteria which may be even more important (about which we continue to search for reliable indicators):

  • Ammunition supply
  • Foreign military aid
  • Force generation
  • Military leadership
  • Training
  • Morale
  • Control of strategic locations
  • Information war: with U.S./Europe; with world.

 

Footnotes

  1. We have resumed publishing the map of the frontline in the Pokrovsk area because Russia has recently intensified its offensive on this town in Ukraine’s Donetsk region, control over which is important for both sides. It is important because Pokrovsk is a road and rail hub that lies on a key highway which has been used by the Ukrainian military to supply other embattled eastern outposts, such as Chasiv Yar and Kostyantynivka, according to Reuters. Russian forces’ contemporary operational practice during this renewed offensive is to flank Ukrainian defenses, threatening encirclement. This practice has been already used to force Ukraine’s retreat from the salient in Russia’s Kursk region, and as can be seen in this week’s map, is being used again to force Ukraine into a difficult decision in Pokrovsk: stay and risk encirclement, or retreat and lose the hub.
  2. According to Ukraine's DeepState OSINT group's map, as of July 29, 2025, Russian forces occupied a total 114,189 square kilometers of Ukrainian land (44,088 square miles), which constituted 18.9% of Ukrainian territory.
  3. In the preceding 30 days, Russian forces made a gain of 473 square kilometers (183 square miles), according to a July 30, 2025 estimate by The Economist.
  4. Here are more estimates of Russian servicemen killed and wounded [in chronological order]:
    1. 600,000 killed or injured, according to Trump’s December 2024 estimate.
    2. 1,000,000 killed, according to Trump’s January 2025 estimate.
    3. More than 750,000 killed or injured, according to a March 2025 estimate by DNI/U.S. intelligence community.
    4. More than 700,000, according to a May 2025 estimate by the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency.
    5. 950,000 killed or injured, according to CSIS’s June 2025 estimate, including 250,000 killed and 700,000 injured.
    6. More than 1,000,000, including 250,000 killed, according to the U.K. Defense Ministry’s June 2025 estimate.
    7. 100,000 Russian soldiers have died in the war this year, NATO Secretary General Matt Rutte said in July 2025.
  5. More than 100,000 Russian families have contacted Ukraine’s “Want to Find” project set to count number of Russian MIAs as of June 2025, according to Ukrainian media.
  6. Here are more estimates of Ukrainian servicemen killed and wounded [in chronological order]:
    1. 400,000 killed or injured, according to Trump’s December 2024 estimate.
    2. 43,000 Ukrainian soldiers have been killed and 370,000 wounded, according to Zelenskyy’s December 2024 estimate.
    3. 700,000 killed, according to Trump’s January 2025 estimate.
    4. 400,000 killed or injured, according to CSIS’s June 2025 estimate, including somewhere between 60,000 and 100,000 killed and 300,000-340,000 wounded.
      1. “Millions” killed in the war, according to Trump’s April 2025 estimate.
  7. This estimate was given by Russia’s Investigative Committee in March 2025. A July 2025 estimate by Russia’s Foreign Ministry put the total number of “peaceful residents” who were allegedly killed by “actions of the Ukrainian authorities and their armed formations” from early 2022 to June 2025 at “almost” 7,500.
  8. Oryx, “Attack On Europe: Documenting Equipment Losses During The 2022 Russian Invasion Of Ukraine,” Oryx (blog), https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-documenting-equipment.html; “The Military Balance 2022,” IISS, https://www.iiss.org/publications/the-military-balance/the-military-balance-2022; Oryx, “List Of Aircraft Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine,” https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/03/list-of-aircraft-losses-during-2022.html; Oryx, “List Of Naval Losses During The Russian Invasion Of Ukraine,” https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/03/list-of-naval-losses-during-2022.html. According to a June 2025 study by CSIS, Russia has lost roughly 1,149 armored fighting vehicles, 3,098 infantry fighting vehicles, 300 self-propelled artillery, and 1,865 tanks since January 2024.
  9. Oryx is not updating its estimates of aircraft losses as of June 24, 2025. In May 2025, Ukraine claimed to have shot down two Russian Su-30s by missiles launched from drone boats. On June 1, 2025 Ukraine destroyed an estimated total of 11 to 12 Russian strategic bombers. On June 7, 2025 Ukraine said  that its forces shot down a Russian Su-35 fighter jet over the Kursk region, according to MT. On June 27, 2025, Ukraine claimed to have struck four Su-34 aircraft in Russia’s Volgograd region.
  10. Oryx is not updating losses of warships as of January 1, 2025. According to a May 2025 estimate by the U.S. Defense Intelligence Agency, since the war’s start, Russia has lost at least 10,000 ground combat vehicles, including more than 3,000 tanks, as well as nearly 250 aircraft and helicopters and more than 10 naval vessels.
  11. Oryx is not updating its estimates of aircraft losses as of June 24, 2025. Ukraine was reported to have lost 3 F-16s as of May 2025. On June 28, 2025 Ukraine admitted to losing a pilot and his F-16 jet.
  12. Oryx is not updating losses of warships as of January 1, 2025.
  13. International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and Russian estimates. “Russia and Ukraine 3-Year Bond Yield,” Investing.com, https://www.investing.com/rates-bonds/russia-3-year-bond-yield; World Bank Group, “Europe and Central Asia Economic Update,” https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/94bdc078-9c64-4833-992a-fda7b3d1a640/content; World Bank, “Russian Federation MPO,” https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/d5f32ef28464d01f195827b7e020a3e8-0500022021/related/mpo-rus.pdf; Trading Economics, “Russia 3-Year Bond Yield,”  https://tradingeconomics.com/ruge3y:gov ; World Bank, “The World Bank in Ukraine,” https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ukraine/overview#3; https://www.exchange-rates.org/exchange-rate-history/rub-usd-2024-11-01.
  14. Combining the occupied, destroyed and damaged power capacities, Ukraine has lost a total of approximately 48% (27 gigawatts) of its pre-war installed capacity of 56.1 GW, according to an alternative estimate in a July 2025 report by CSIS.

* This card was produced by RM staff and Belfer Center Avoiding Great Power War Project’s research assistant Maryana Schnitser. 

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